Think of Napoleon, and what other word comes to mind? It might be France, Emperor, or Waterloo - maybe 'short' since the myth of his small stature has proved remarkably persistent - but it probably won't be 'snuff'. Yet that was exactly the association a York tobacconist expected their customers to make.
The wooden statue of Napoleon is now in the Merchant Adventurers' Hall in York, but for a century and a half he stood outside the premises of Mr Clarke in Bridge Street. He had been brought over from France in 1822, along with two other Napoleons who went to Leeds and London; neither are thought to have survived. Apparently, they cost £50 each - equivalent to several thousand pounds today - and he is carved from oak.
York's Napoleon had his own misadventures: during the Second World War, celebrating soldiers threw him in the River Ouse; and once, accidentally left out overnight, he was taken into police custody and had to be retrieved from the cells. In 1973, Napoleon moved to Judith Thorpe's shop in Lendal, York, where he was apparently particularly popular with French visitors. He stayed outside the shop until moving to the Hall in 1997.
But still, why Napoleon? The answer is that he was known for taking snuff. However, if his valet is to be believed, that reputation was somewhat overblown:
although he wasted a great quantity of it, he really used very little, as he took a pinch, held it to his nose simply to smell it, and let it fall immediately. It is true that the place where he had been was covered with it; but his handkerchiefs, irreproachable witnesses in such matters, were scarcely stained, and although they were white and of very fine linen, certainly bore no marks of a snuff-taker. Sometimes he simply passed his open snuff-box under his nose in order to breathe the odor of the tobacco it contained.
Nonetheless, it may have had a special resonance in York: one of the Yorkshire regiments, the Green Howards, hold a gold snuffbox given by Napoleon to Marechal Ney. The treasure, with its portrait of the Emperor on its lid, was seized from Ney's coach at Waterloo and became a prize exhibit in the regimental museum. Perhaps that helps explain why York kept its wooden figure long after London.
As for that statue of Napoleon in London, I haven't yet found where it was displayed. If anybody has information about it, please share it in the comments.
3 comments:
The wooden statue of Napoleon that is now in York was brought from France in 1822, only one year after the ex-Emperor died in Saint Helena.
Now my question is: how quickly did Britain get over the terror of an imminent Napoleonic invasion? If the British relaxed and felt safe, bringing the statue might have been a salute to democracy and British independence. If the British were still not quite sure about future French plans, the statues would have reminded people of their lucky escape a decade earlier.
And I do love the gold snuffbox with Napoleon's portrait on the lid.
I think at this point, people were pretty relaxed (although that would soon change again). In fact, Napoleon himself was pretty popular with some ordinary Britons, and was a major figure in British popular culture who, after his death, seems to have been viewed with a surprising amount of sympathy or admiration.
It is interesting that Napoleon commanded respect if not admiration for his achievements. It would be fair to say that many of the absolutist monarchies that Napoleon defeated or overthrew were not widely popular in Britain. At the Sir John Soane Museum is a collection of plaster casts of medals issued by Napoleon to celebrate his victories and achievements which reflects the interest that there was in Napoleon as the dominant figure of his age.
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